Performing CPR on Children and Infants
For children (ages 1-8) and infants (under 1 year), the technique is slightly modified.
Children:
1. Check for Responsiveness: Tap the child and shout to see if they respond.
2. Call for Help: If there is no response, call emergency services immediately.
3. Position the Child: Lay the child on their back on a firm surface.
4. Chest Compressions: Use one hand for compressions. Place the heel of your hand in the center of the chest and compress about 2 inches deep at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
5. Rescue Breaths: After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths. Tilt the head back, lift the chin, pinch the nose shut, and breathe into the child’s mouth, watching for the chest to rise.
6. Continue: Continue the cycle of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until help arrives or the child starts to breathe on their own.
Infants:
1. Check for Responsiveness: Tap the infant gently and shout to see if they respond.
2. Call for Help: If there is no response, call emergency services immediately.
3. Position the Infant: Lay the infant on their back on a firm surface.
4. Chest Compressions: Use two fingers placed just below the nipple line to compress the chest about 1.5 inches deep at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
5. Rescue Breaths: After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths. Cover the infant’s nose and mouth with your mouth and breathe gently, watching for the chest to rise.
6. Continue: Continue the cycle of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until help arrives or the infant starts to breathe on their own.
Managing Bleeding
Controlling bleeding is a critical first aid skill. Severe bleeding can lead to shock and other complications if not addressed promptly.
Types of Bleeding
1. Arterial Bleeding: Bright red blood that spurts with each heartbeat. This type of bleeding is severe and requires immediate attention.
2. Venous Bleeding: Dark red blood that flows steadily. It is serious but usually less severe than arterial bleeding.
3. Capillary Bleeding: Blood oozes from a wound. This is the least severe type of bleeding and usually stops on its own.
Steps to Control Bleeding
1. Apply Pressure: Use a clean cloth or bandage to apply firm pressure directly to the wound. If the cloth becomes soaked with blood, do not remove it; instead, add more layers on top.
2. Elevate the Wound: If possible, elevate the bleeding area above the level of the heart to reduce blood flow.
3. Use a Tourniquet: If direct pressure and elevation do not stop the bleeding, use a tourniquet as a last resort. Place the tourniquet above the wound, tighten it until the bleeding stops, and note the time it was applied.
4. Seek Medical Help: Even if the bleeding stops, seek medical attention to ensure proper wound care and to prevent infection.